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Raid on Cartagena (1683)
The raid on Cartagena was the successful counter-attack against vessels sent to defend the city of Cartagena de Indias (modern day Colombia) and the subsequent blockage of the city by Laurens de Graaf and his pirate compatriots.
==Precursors==
In May of 1683, de Graaf had successfully attacked Veracruz with the assistance of Nicholas van Hoorn. The two subsequently had a falling out and de Graaf wounded van Hoorn on the Isla de Sacrificios.〔(''The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674-1688'' ) by Benerson Little (Potomac Books, 2007)〕 Van Hoorn later died when the wound became infected. De Graaf and his fleet sailed south, arriving off the coast of modern-day Colombia in November 1683 where they held for almost a month, preparing to infiltrate Cartagena in the same way as they had Veracruz.〔(''Blood and Silver: A History of Piracy in the Caribbean and Central America'' ) by Kris E. Lane (Signal Books, 1999)〕
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